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You frequently find galls, swellings of the tissues, on pine or oak branches and leaves. Galls result from the attacks of certain insects—gallflies, gall midges, and some aphids—that puncture the plant at a certain point and lay their eggs in the wound. The wound then grows into various shapes and the larvae grow up inside, feeding on the rapidly growing plant fibers.


The shot-hole borer: Vertical main passage with many air holes and side passages eaten out by larvae

Bark beetle: Passages eaten out by bark beetles
Oak branch with leaves
Related terms include summer camp games and family camp.
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